江开江苏开放大学综合英语（进阶）过程性考核作业一最新答案

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填空题
题型：填空题客观题答案不允许乱序分值20分难度：一般得分：20
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A1. Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given in a word bank below. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each blank.
A.   gives way to B.   are liable to C.   parallels D.   resorted to E.   peculiar
F.   saddled with G.   calculate H.   boost I.   prospect J.   stand up for
There is a real need to 1 academic achievement in schools and help with the development of a student’s overall character.
Being a single parent, there is no way for her to 2 the time and energy she has devoted to her children for the past 10 years.
Not until recently have we realized that the increasing world population may lead to a potential gloomy 3 for humanity: starvation.
Because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food and 4 experience an iron deficiency.
During the weeks of discussions, delegations from groups who are interested in the resolution may call on representatives to 5 their point of view.
Ernest Hemingway’s keen insight into his society, ardent love for people and perceptive abilities helped him to form his own 6 characteristic of writing.
The change in smoking habits 7 a change in the incidence of lung cancer. The more people smoke, the more chances of occurrence for lung cancer.
As a result of her divorce, she was obviously 8 the double burden of playing the role of both mother and father.
As our sweet childhood 9 adolescence’s temptation of love, we begin to learn, as adults, that most pleasures do not last forever.
In the economic recession, employers 10 the reduction of costs, most particularly in wages, in order to survive in the competitive world markets.
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正确答案：H；G；I；B；J；E；C；F；A；D
题型：填空题客观题答案不允许乱序分值20分难度：一般得分：20
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A2. Read the passage and select one word for each blank.
A.   unavoidably B.   transition C.   enormous D.   radical E.   Meanwhile
F.   definitely G.   adulthood H.   traditional I.   tend J.   resent
The odyssey years refer to a life stage that young people have to go through. It’s described as an unsteady or fluid journey that young people need to take before they enter 1  .
The contemporary generation, also called pre-adults, adolescents, the lost generation, extended adolescents or emerging adults, are living in a society full of 2 changes. They graduated into one of the worst economies in decades, saddled with 3  pressure. According to a news report, half of recent college graduates are unemployed or underemployed with low-wage service jobs.
Research shows that young people, with prideful attitudes, 4   to be more depressed and less motivated if they are underemployed for just nine months.
Since they usually 5  competitive pressure, they often resort to heavy drinking to help distract them from their pain and stress.
6  , they act with rebellious behaviors, keep a distance from their parents, or even run away from home.
In this 7  phase, many young people unfortunately underestimate the satisfaction that comes from joining the working world.
During this unavoidable stage of their life, they are moving back home, going back to school or embracing unpaid internships as new starter jobs. Lacking 8  aspirations, they are marrying later and starting families still later. However, they 9  enjoy having fun. Obviously, in this unique phase, many young people think real life starts later, but they are actually falling behind. They don’t really understand that they are 10  facing peculiar challenges and dealing with a phenomenon that is a matter of choice in many cases.
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题型：填空题客观题答案不允许乱序分值10分难度：较难得分：8
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A3. Read the passage and choose the best answers.
Passage One. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individuals found about 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among U.S. participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. “Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they’re passionate(有激情的) about,” says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. “Given the choice, they prefer to continue working.” Barclays calls these people “nevertirees”.
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who’s going to stop him?
Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it’s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. “People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida,” he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.
“We’re beginning to see a change in how people view retirement,” says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin(近似) to being cast aside. What Leeson terms “the Warren Buffett effect” is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to “view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution.”
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient(坚韧的) chief. On the other hand, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance — an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
1. What do we learn about the so-called “nevertirees”?
A) They are passionate about making a fortune.
B) They have no choice but to continue working.
C) They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D) They will not retire unless they are compelled to.
2. What do Irving Kahn and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have in common?
A) Neither of them is subject to forced retirement.
B) Neither of them desires reward for their work.
C) Both cling to their positions despite opposition.
D) Both are capable of coping with heavy workloads.
3. What is the finding of Howard Friedman’s research?
A) The harder you work, the bigger your fortune will be.
B) The earlier you retire, the healthier you will be.
C) Elderly people have to slow down to live longer.
D) Working at an advanced age lengthens people’s life.
4. What is the traditional view of retirement according to the passage?
A) It means a burden to the younger generation.
B) It is a symbol of a mature and civilized society.
C) It is a compensation for one’s life-long hard work.
D) It helps increase a nation’s economic productivity.
5. What do critics say about “nevertirees”?
A) They are an obstacle to a company’s development.
B) They lack the creativity of the younger generation.
C) They cannot work as efficiently as they used to.
D) They prevent young people from getting ahead.
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题型：填空题客观题答案不允许乱序分值10分难度：较难得分：10
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A4. Read the passage and choose the best answers.
Passage Two. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt, the conversation is almost always about student loan debt. But there’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today’s young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt — and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.
More than 20% overspent their income by more than $100 every single month. Since they haven’t built up their credit histories yet, it’s a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.
Although many young people blame “socializing” as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren’t knocking back $20 drinks in trendy(时尚的)lounges. They’re struggling with much more daily financial demands.
To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn’t sustainable in the long run, and it’s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they’ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti(意式面条) they bought a decade earlier.
A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they’re slower at paying it off. “If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future,” warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. “If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can’t pay off their credit cards.”
Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. “Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life, which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks.”
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A) Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.
B) Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life.
C) Credit cards are doing more harm than students loans.
D) The American credit card system is under criticism.
2. Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt?
A) They tend to forget about the deadlines.
B) They haven’t developed a credit history.
C) They are often unable to pay back in time.
D) They are inexperienced in managing money.
3. What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet?
A) It will place an unnecessary burden on society.
B) It will give them no motivation to work hard.
C) It will exert psychological pressure on them.
D) It will affect their future spending power.
4. What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn?
A) They will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rate.
B) They may experience a financial crisis in their old age.
C) Their quality of life will be affected.
D) Their credit cards may be cancelled.
5. What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks?
A) They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending.
B) They lose large numbers of their regular clients.
C) Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death.
D) Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then.
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题型：填空题客观题答案不允许乱序分值10分难度：较难得分：10
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A5. Read the passage and choose the best answers.
Passage Three. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.
Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them — in other words, how much they remembered eating.
This disparity (差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M.Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
“Hunger isn’t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal,” Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.”
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie (卡路里) milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they’d consumed a higher-calorie shake.
What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.
1. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?
A) How we perceive the food we eat.
B) What ingredients the food contains.
C) When we eat our meals.
D) How fast we eat our meals.
2. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?
A) You would probably be more picky about food.
B) You would not feel like eating the same food.
C) You would have a good appetite.
D) You would not feel so hungry.
3. What do we learn from the 2011 study?
A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.
B) Food labels may influence our body’s response to food.
C) Hunger levels depend on one’s consumption of calories.
D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.
4. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?
A) Trick ourselves into eating less.
B) Choose food with fewer calories.
C) Concentrate on food while eating.
D) Pick dishes of the right size.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.
B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.
D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health.
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简答题
题型：简答题主观题分值30分难度：中等得分：28
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A6. Translation. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write. No matter what we do in life, we will have a huge advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning. We will have a bright career if we are the person in the office who can write a clear and elegant analysis of those ideas! Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process. In an information economy, many people have the ability to produce a useful product such as a new MP3 player. Yet, very few people have the ability to create a spectacular brand: the iPod. Most importantly, studying the humanities invests us with great insight and self-awareness, thereby releasing our creative energy and talent in a positive and constructive manner.